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Overview of Air Transport Development

by:CNS     2021-07-08
Overview of the development of air transport 2021-06-20 18:57:17 Since human beings have civilization, they have had the dream of flying to the sky. In ancient China, there are myths and legends of Nuwa mend the sky and Chang'e flying to the moon. Ancient Greece and Rome also had gods or wings, or flying carts and flying eagles. In the famous Arabian story collection 'The Thousand and One Nights' There are also many flying myths. Mankind’s dreams and desire for flying have prompted people to create all kinds of flying equipment, from ancient Chinese kites, bamboo dragonflies to flying birds, flying chairs, and Kongming lanterns, to balloons made by Europeans who consciously applied science after the Renaissance. , Airships, flapping wing planes, gliders, and finally the Wright brothers summed up the experience of their predecessors to create the first real airplane. The invention of airplanes and the realization of air transportation are the result of human pursuit of dreams. The earliest air transportation appeared in 1871, when the French during the Franco-Prussian War used balloons to transport government officials, materials and mail out of Paris, which was besieged by the Prussian army. This was regarded as the first air transportation in human history. Since the Wright brothers invented the first airplane, airplane transportation soon followed. On May 5, 1918, the Americans opened the New York-Washington-Chicago route. On June 8th of the same year, regular postal flights began between London and Paris. This is considered to be the earliest air route transportation. After the aircraft was invented, it was quickly used in warfare. Under the stimulus of the war, various aircraft technologies developed rapidly. After the First World War, the advancement of aviation technology made the civil transport aircraft appear, and commercial air transport also developed. In the latter part of World War II, in order to pursue the faster speed of fighters, the participating countries promoted the upgrading of aircraft engines, from piston engines to turbojet engines. The speed of the aircraft finally broke through the speed of sound and developed to a faster speed. Although war is a powerful driving force to stimulate the development of aviation technology, the most enduring power to promote the development of aviation technology lies in its application prospects in the commercial field. In the latter part of World War II, turbojet engines were used in warplanes, but apart from speed, their performance in many other aspects was not superior to traditional excellent piston engine aircraft. After the Second World War, people saw the broad prospects of turbojet aircraft in civil use, and carried out commercial research and improvement on them. So in the 1950s, jet aircraft were used in commercial transportation. 'Comet' (Comet), the Soviet Union's figure 104, the United States' Boeing 707 and DG8 as representatives, they are called the first generation of jet aircraft. After more than 50 years from then to the beginning of the 21st century, the second, third, fourth and fifth generation jet aircraft were successfully developed and used. This fully demonstrates that civil commercial demand is the continuous driving force for the development of aviation technology. Of course, the development of civil aviation aircraft to accumulate strength for military aviation development is also a tacit strategy of many countries: With the rapid development of commercial air transportation, a worldwide airline network has gradually been established, starting from major cities in various countries. The world route network spreads across all continents, which makes our planet smaller. People can really have breakfast in New York and lunch in London. After the establishment of a worldwide airline network, more and more passengers choose to travel by air, and some airports have gradually developed into aviation network hubs. The two major aircraft manufacturers Boeing and Airbus have different judgments on the development prospects of air transportation. Airbus believes that in the future, the role of large-scale aviation hubs will become stronger and stronger, and that airlines will connect various flights between hubs to facilitate the effective allocation of resources. Therefore, a larger aircraft is needed to fly between hubs. Based on this concept, the A380 is designed. Using A380 to arrange long-distance flights between international hubs can save flights, conducive to energy saving and emission reduction, and increase the internal space to improve the quality of long-distance flight. On the other hand, Boeing believes that future air passengers will increasingly dislike frequent transfers in hubs, hoping to achieve non-transferring direct flights between second-tier cities, so a small passenger capacity is needed, but the voyage is long enough, and the business load is one. An aircraft with sufficient fuel-one-mile performance is designed based on this concept. For example, using this kind of airplane can open a flight from Nanjing to Paris, and passengers don't need to take a plane to Paris from Nanjing to Shanghai. Airbus’s A380 and Boeing’s B787 are currently the latest generation of aircraft. Which of them is more suitable for the development of the aviation market in the future remains to be tested. Compared with other means of transportation such as cars, trains and ships, airplanes are not only faster, but also safer. It has become an indispensable means of transportation for modern civilization.
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