Port land

Port land area 2021-06-20 10:15:53 u200bu200bPort land area refers to the land area engaged in services related to port functions. Its main facilities include production facilities, namely wharves, warehouses, railways, highways, port roads, Loading and unloading and transportation machinery, etc.; production auxiliary facilities and information control systems, that is, water supply and drainage systems, power supply and lighting systems, communication and navigation systems, and places that provide direct services for production, such as on-site offices, waiting rooms, machinery warehouses, tool warehouses, and maintenance workshops , Fuel supply station, work ship base in the port, port facility maintenance base, etc. and related living facilities, service facilities, cultural and educational facilities, and related facilities for modern logistics services. All the land area within the port range is collectively called the land area, which is composed of the following parts: (1) The front line of the wharf and the berth is generally the production line of the port, and it is also the connection line between the port water area and the land area. There are many forms of pier line layout. Some are parallel to the shoreline and are called quayside piers; some are orthogonal or oblique to the shoreline and are called jetty piers. The former are mostly used in river ports, and the latter are mostly in seaports, so as to form more tortuous shorelines within the covered area. Guangzhou-Chizhou logistics can arrange more dock berths. One berth can accommodate one ship. Since different ship types have different lengths, the length of the berth varies according to the size of the ship type. At the same time, the distance between the two ships should be set aside to facilitate the ship's mooring. A wharf often needs to berth several ships at the same time, which requires several berths. Therefore, the length of the wharf line is determined by the number of berths and the length of each berth. The water depth at the front of the wharf must meet the draft of the ship, and the impact of ship loading and unloading and tidal changes should be taken into account, and sufficient water depth should be left. At present, the water depth of large piers all over the world is above 14 meters. (2) Port warehouses and storage yards Warehouses and storage yards are used for short-term storage of supplies before loading and after unloading. Most of the more expensive groceries are stacked and stored in the warehouse; only those goods that are not afraid of wind and rain, such as ore, building materials, etc., can be placed in the open yard or shed. The yard of such bulk goods is often far away from the market. Districts and other docks to avoid polluting the environment. (3) The collection and distribution of railway and highway cargo in the port In addition to making full use of waterways, the logistics from Guangzhou to Hefei mainly rely on land transportation, so the railway system and highway system are important facilities on the port land. When a large amount of goods are transported by rail, a special port station must be set up. Freight trains can be marshalled or disintegrated, and are equipped with special locomotives to directly send the trains to the loading and unloading lines of the dock front or warehouse; after loading and unloading, the locomotives will be retrieved and sent to the port station for marshalling. In seaports where there is no inland waterway transportation, railway transportation is the main method of transportation. Port production is inseparable from the railway sector, such as my country's Qinhuangdao Port, Dalian Port, and Qingdao Port. (4) Lifting and transporting machinery The modern port loading and unloading work is basically completed by a variety of machinery. Some machinery is mainly used to lift goods, called hoisting machinery; some are mainly used to move goods, called transport machinery, and collectively called lifting and transport machinery. They can carry out loading and unloading operations on ships in ports; loading and unloading operations on trains and cars; various handling, stacking and destacking in the cabin; lifting, handling, stacking, and destacking in the warehouse Wait for work. Port machinery is generally divided into four categories: lifting machinery, conveying machinery, loading and unloading handling machinery, and special machinery. Specialized loading and unloading machinery are usually installed for specialized terminals. For example, the coal loading dock is equipped with ship loader, the bulk grain unloading dock is equipped with grain suction machine, the front of the container terminal is equipped with a container loading and unloading bridge, and the rear is equipped with straddle transport. Trucks, heavy forklifts, etc. (5) Port auxiliary production facilities In order to maintain the normal production order of the port and ensure the smooth progress of various tasks, the port also needs to be equipped with some auxiliary facilities on the land. Such as water supply and drainage systems, power transmission and distribution systems, fuel supply stations, work boat bases, various office buildings, maintenance engineering teams, ship repair stations and other facilities. According to production operations, port facilities can be roughly summarized into four major parts: ship navigation operations, loading and unloading operations, cargo storage, and collection and distribution transportation (also known as receiving transportation). Ship navigation operations include internal and external channels, anchorages, harbor basins, and ship turning waters, as well as communication and navigation facilities for safe navigation; loading and unloading operations include wharves, water loading and unloading anchorages, and various loading and unloading facilities; cargo storage is mainly Including warehouses and storage yards on land, as well as the collection, distribution and transportation of machinery on the yard. (6) Port hydraulic structures Hydraulic structures refer to most of the buildings in the water or often in contact with water. Such buildings are subject to harmful effects such as seawater erosion, so there are special requirements for their structure and materials, which should be extremely strong and durable. According to various uses of logistics from Guangzhou to Fujian, port hydraulic structures can be divided into three categories: protective buildings, wharf buildings, and revetment buildings. 1279